Primary and Secondary Sources

Empowerment Diamond, Pakistan
Women's group from Punjab Rural Support Programme shares their visions of empowerment on an Empowerment Diamond.

Primary Sources 1: Community Voices

My main primary sources for the research are the community voices as expressed in drawings, role plays and video clips from women and men participants in participatory workshops on gender and empowerment in Africa and Asia. The drawings presented are public documents to which participants consented for use as part of workshop reports written by me. Photographs and video materials I have copyright as photographer or film maker, and participants gave their consent. All songs were recorded with the consent of the performers and most were the product of participatory song-writing exercises where no one person was sole author.

The process through which the visual used were produced and issues involved in their interpretation is described in more detail in the posts on each process – see the links below.

All the community visuals are referenced as ‘unknown community artist’. The main aim of the workshops was reflection, analysis and planning of strategies to change gender inequalities and empower women and men to achieve their visions for their lives and their families. The drawings selected were posted anonymously on group diagrams and in most cases it is not possible to accredit them individually. In those cases where the artist is known by me, given the sensitive nature of some of the powerful statements made in the drawings, role plays and songs, I would want to have had permission of the artist to put their name on in case of any possible unanticipated repercussions for them. As all the resources are from about 10 years ago, it would be impossible to do this now.

Community Voices and Context: Uganda
Community Voices and Context: DRCongo
Community Voices and Context: India
Community Voices and Context: Pakistan

Primary Sources 2: External voices and global animation inspiration

My other set of primary sources in development of my own creative animations are on-line videos of the work of other global animators found through Google keyword searches on You Tube, Vimeo and other websites. Keyword selection was made to identify relevant animations in the categories on the right.

Links to the individual posts are given in the mapping in the padlet below for easy access, together with sample videos. Copyright and the accreditation chosen by the creators is given in the linked sources.

From these a number of animators and specific animations were selected for more in-depth study, particularly on different animation approaches (2DFramebyFrame, rotoscoping, stop motion puppet animation and use of physical media).

NOTE: Some of the videos originally consulted have now been removed from You Tube for Copyright reasons, or are no longer available for other unknown reasons (sometimes political). Where possible, I have removed the links altogether. But as this is a continually shifting situation, some links in some posts may now no longer work.

Development Agency animation

Styles and approaches from the same regions as the community drawings

  • Indian animation (animations focusing on women’s empowerment
  • Iranian feminist animation and film
  • African animation styles 
  • Pakistani independent animation

Big professional animation studios
to understand the commercial context for independent animation, including evolution of currently accepted animation principles.

  • Disney animation
  • Japanese animation
  • Russian animation
  • Eastern European animation

Innovative Western European/American animation
focusing on textless visual narratives with innovative techniques and narrative formats.

Made with Padlet

Secondary Sources 1: Theoretical and Research Frameworks

Assignment 1 Research Question and Plans and Assignment 2 Theoretical Framework: translation bricolage
  • Appignanesi, R. & Garratt, C., (2007) Introducing Post-modernism: A Graphic Guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Baldwin, J. & Roberts, L., (2006) Visual Communication: from research to practice, London: Bloomsbury Publishing plc.
  • Collins, J. & Mayblin, B., (2011) Introducing Derrida: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Davis, M., (2012) Graphic Design Theory, London: Thames and Hudson.
  • Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.) (1999) The SAGE Handbook of qualitative research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Devi, M. & Spivak, G. C., (1995) Imaginary Maps, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Downs, S., (2012) The Graphic Communication Handbook, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Gentzler, E., (2001) Contemporary Translation Theories, Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
  • Horrocks, C. & Jevtic, Z., (2009) Introducing Foucault: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Horrocks, C. & Jevtic, Z., (2011) Introducing Baudrillard: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books.
  • Julier, G., (2014) The Culture of Design Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: Sage Publications.
  • Macario, J. W., (2009) Graphic Design Essentials: Skills, software and creative solutions, London: Lawrence King Publishing.
  • Morton, S., (2003) Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Munday, J., (2012) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Niranjana, T., (1992) Siting Translation: History, post-structuralism and the colonial context, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press.
  • Noble, I. & Bestley, R., (2016) Visual Research: an introduction to research methods in graphic design, London: Bloomsbury Publishing plc.
  • Phillimore, J., Humphries, R., Klaas, F. & Knecht, M.,(2016)Bricolage: potential as a conceptual tool for understanding access to welfare in superdiverse neighbourhoods. IRIS Working Paper. Birmingham: Birmingham University.
  • Rogers, M.,(2012) Contextualising Theories and Practices of Bricolage Research. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1-17.
  • Rose, G., (2016) Visual Methodologies: and introduction to researching with visual materials, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi,Singapore, WashingtonDC, Melbourn: Sage Publications.
  • Schulte, R. & Biguenet, J. (eds.) (1992) Theories of Translation: An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press.
  • Spivak, G. C., (1990) The Post-Colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues, New York, London: Routledge. Spivak, G. C., (1998) In Other Worlds, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Tharp, T., (2003) The Creative Habit: learn it and use it for life, New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks.
  • Thody, P. & Piero, (2013) Introducing Barthes: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Wibberley, C.,(2012) Getting to Grips with Bricolage: A Personal Account. The Qualitative Report, 17, 1-8.
  • Wibberley, C. 2017. Bricolage Research Methods. In: REES, E. A. G. C. (ed.) Health Care Research: at a glance. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Assignment 3 Gathering Data: Visualising Empowerment
Secondary sources: sketchnoting/doodling/semiotics/visual dynamics
  • Barthes, R., (1967 (French 1964)) Elements of Semiology, New York: Hill and Wang.
  • Brown, S., (2014) The Doodle Revolution, New York: Penguin Group.
  • Causey, A., (2017) Drawn to See: drawing as an ethnographic method, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Cobley, P. & Jansz, L., (2010) Introducing Semiotics: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Collins, J. & Mayblin, B., (2011) Introducing Derrida: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Downs, S., (2012) The Graphic Communication Handbook, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Hall, S., (2012) This Means This, That Means That: a user’s guide to semiotics, London: Laurence King Publishing.
  • Horrocks, C. & Jevtic, Z., (2011) Introducing Baudrillard: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books.
  • Kepes, G. & Giedion, S., (1944) Language of Vision, USA: Wisconsin Cuneo Press.
  • Rohde, M., (2013) The Sketchnote Handbook, USA: Peachpit Press.
  • Sherman, W., (2014) Playing with Sketches, Berverly MA: Rockport Publishers.
  • Taussig, M., (2011) I Swear I Saw This: Drawings in notebooks, namely my own, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
  • Thody, P. & Piero, (2013) Introducing Barthes: A graphic guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
Assignment 4 A Working Draft: Empowerment Stories
  • Abbott, H. P., (2008) The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bell, R. & Sinclair, M., (2005) Pictures and Words: New comic art and narrative illustration, London: Lawrence King Publishing.
  • Blazer, L., (2016) Animated Storytelling: simple steps for creating animation and motion graphics, USA: Peachpit Press.
  • Bono, E. D., (1982) de Bono’s Thinking Course, London: BBC Books.
  • Buzan, T., (2002) How to Mind Map, London: Thorsons.
  • Cobley, P., (2001) Narrative, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Devi, M. & Spivak, G. C., (1995) Imaginary Maps, London, New York: Routledge.
  • Jason Lankow, J. R., Ross Crooks, (2012) Infographics: The Power of Visual Storytelling, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons inc.
  • Maden, M., (2006) 99 Ways to Tell a Story: Exercises in Style, London: Jonathan Cape.
  • Queneau, R., (1957 (French 1948)) Exercises in Style, Surrey: Alma Classics Ltd.
  • Mccloud, S., (1993) Understanding Comics.
  • Noble, I. & Bestley, R., (2001) Experimental Layout, East Sussex, UK: Rotovision SA.
  • Queneau, R., (1957 (French 1948)) Exercises in Style, Surrey: Alma Classics Ltd.
  • Stroh, D. P., (2015) Systems Thinking for Social Change, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
Assignment 5 Finalising your Submission: Participatory Visual Communication
  • Bishop, C. (ed.) (2006) Participation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press.
  • Kristof, R. & Satran, A., Interactivity by Design: creating and communicating with new media, Moutnain View USA: Adobe Press.
  • Stroh, D. P., (2015) Systems Thinking for Social Change, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Secondary Resources 2: Animation technical manuals and tutorials

ON-LINE SOURCES
(open in a new tab)

BOOKS
(Harvard referencing to be done – these were my key sources but references were deleted in glitch with updating EndNote just before assessment submission)